A mutual defense pact cannot deter proxy forces intent on testing the coalition's actual military resolve.
Signing high-profile collective defense agreements triggers immediate, escalatory proxy strikes designed to expose whether the alliance partners will actually commit troops to defend their host.
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The ink on the Makkah pact was barely dry when lethal Houthi strikes on commercial and refinery targets immediately tested the resolve of the new Turkey-Saudi-Pakistan coalition.
Houthi militants launched direct drone strikes on Saudi infrastructure just two days after Saudi Arabia signed a mutual defense agreement with regional powers.
Proxy blockades and drone strikes on transport hubs have dragged Saudi Arabia into preparing an active ground war despite regional deterrence efforts.