The Phase 3 trial is losing its monopoly on FDA proof.
FDA accepted the first Keytruda biosimilar on analytical comparability plus a PK study alone, while ARPA-H's SURPASS builds digital-twin, phaseless trial engines — computational and analytical substitutes are displacing the comparative efficacy trial as the basis of regulatory confidence.
The same conclusion keeps arriving from across the workspace's research — 1 topics independently instantiate this theme. Filter the evidence by where it came from:
Approving a brand-new patient population with zero new trials shows cross-cohort extrapolation displacing the comparative efficacy study.
The world's best-selling biologic can now be copied on analytical comparability plus a PK study alone, ending the Phase 3 monopoly at the top of oncology.
Digital-twin, phaseless trial engines aim to build regulatory confidence without conventional comparative trials, extending the displacement of the Phase 3 monopoly into trial design itself.